Geography of India – Basic Facts

India is situated north of the equator between 8°4' north to 37°6' north latitude and 68°7' east to 97°25' east longitude. India shares borders with several sovereign countries. 

 It shares land borders with China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Bangladesh and Pakistan share both land borders as well as maritime borders, while Sri Lanka shares only a maritime border. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar and Indonesia. 

1) Area - 32,87,263 Km2 ( it is the seventh-largest country by area)

2) It has 28 States and 8 Union Territories 

 Eastern most State/UT: - Arunachal Pradesh 

 Western most State/UT: Sir Creek in Kutch district (Gujarat) 

  Northern most State/UT: - Ladakh 

  Southern most State: Cape Comorin, Tamil Nadu 

  Southern Most UT: Andaman & Nicobar

1)      Area wise States:              

 Biggest – Rajasthan -> MP -> Maharashtra -> Uttar Pradesh –>Gujarat

 Smallest – Goa <-- Sikkim <-- Tripura <-- Nagaland <-- Mizoram

2)      Area wise union Territory:

Biggest – Ladakh --> Jammu and Kashmir -> Andaman & Nicobar->Delhi

Smallest – Lakshadweep -> Chandigarh -> Puducherry->Dadar and Nagar Haveli

 3)      Land area – 91% and water area – 9%

 4)      Population - 1,210,854,977 (2011 Census) (it is second largest country by Population)

5)      Population - 1,352,642,280 (2018 estimate)

6)      Population wise State:

Biggest – Uttar Pradesh-> Maharashtra-> Bihar->West Bengal->MP         

 Smallest – Sikkim <- Mizoram <- Arunachal Pradesh <- Goa <- Nagaland

7)      Population wise union Territory:

Delhi -> Jammu & Kashmir -> Puducherry -> Chandigarh -> Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu -> Andaman and Nicobar Islands -> Ladakh -> Lakshadweep

 8)      Population Density - 412 /km^{2 (}19^th country by Density) 

Population Density State: per km²

Highest – Bihar (1102) -> WB (1,029) -> Kerala (859) -> UP (828)

Lowest – Arunachal Pradesh (17) <- Mizoram (52) <- Sikkim (86) <- Nagaland (112)

9)      Population Density State: per km²

Highest - Union Territory – Delhi (11,297) -> Chandigarh (9,252) -> Pondicherry (2,598) -> Lakshadweep (2,013)

Lowest – Ladakh (2.8 / km²)

10)   Coast Line - 7,516.6 km (4,670.6 mi)

Longest Coastal Line (State) – Gujarat

Coastal States: - Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra, Odisha, WB

 11)   Sex ratio of India (Number of females per 1000 males) – 940

Highest in State / UT:

 Kerala (1,084) -> Pondicherry (1,037) -> Tamil Nadu (996) -> Andhra (993) -> Manipur (992)

Lowest in state /UT

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (711) -> Chandigarh (818) -> Ladakh (853) -> Delhi (868) – all UT

In States (lowest) Haryana (879) -> Sikkim 890 -> Punjab (895) -> UP (912)

 12)   Highest mountain peak - Kangchenjunga, in the Indian state of Sikkim, is the highest point in India at 8,586 m (28,169 ft)

13)   Lowest Point in India - Kuttanad (Kerala) -2.2 m from the Sea level

14)   Longest River: - Ganga (2,525 km)

15)   India's territorial waters extend into the sea to 12 nautical miles (13.8 mi: 22.2 km) from the coast baseline

 16)   Southern most point of India – Indira Point (Great Nicobar Island )

17)   Southern most point of India (main Land) – Cape Comorin ( Kanya Kumari , Tamilnadu)

18)   Aravalli range is the oldest natural mountain range in India

 19)   Highest Urban Population (percentage Wise ) State – Goa (62.17%) -> Mizoram (52.11%) -> Karnataka (50.78%)

Highest Urban Population (percentage Wise ) UT – Delhi (97.5%) -> Chandigarh -> 97.25%

 20)   Highest Rural Population(percentage Wise ) State - Himachal Pradesh (89.97%) -> Bihar (88.71%) -> Assam (85.9%)

Highest Rural Population (percentage Wise ) UT – Jammu & Kashmir (73.89%) -> A & N (62.3%)

 21)   India can be divided into six physiographic regions. They are

Northern Mountains: Himalayan

Peninsular Plateau: contains mountain ranges

Indo-Gangetic Plain or The Northern Plains

Thar Desert

Coastal Plains: Eastern Ghat folds and Western Ghats folds

Islands - The Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Lakshadweep island